Nelson Simanjuntak, Manotar Tampubolon
Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (Indonesia), Universitas Kristen Indonesia (Indonesia)
This study examines the application of the concepts of "unwilling" and "unable" in understanding gross human rights violations in Indonesia. The purpose is to delineate the nuanced dynamics behind such atrocities, exploring whether violations stem from the government's unwillingness or inability to protect human rights. Employing a qualitative research approach, data was collected through document analysis, interviews, and case studies. The findings suggest that gross human rights violations in Indonesia often result from a combination of both factors: state actors may be unwilling to uphold human rights due to political agendas or systemic corruption, while systemic weaknesses and resource constraints render them unable to effectively prevent or address violations. The study underscores the importance of addressing both dimensions to effectively tackle human rights abuses, advocating for institutional reforms, accountability mechanisms, and international pressure to compel the Indonesian government to fulfill its obligations to protect human rights. In conclusion, understanding the interplay between unwillingness and inability is crucial for devising comprehensive strategies to combat gross human rights violations in Indonesia and similar contexts worldwide, emphasizing the imperative of fostering a culture of respect for human dignity and justice.