Mohammad Ekram Yawar, Ay Bik Muhsini
Akdeniz University, Turkey
Why people migrate abroad and its explanation in the framework of economic approaches, factors of attraction and repulsion and duality of poverty and migration have been the subject of migration studies. Migration among the people of Afghanistan has a long tradition, however, during the last few decades, these continuous flows of migration and return have taken an unprecedented collective and scale form. This article seeks to explain the social issue of migration from Afghanistan with emphasis on the tendencies and supporting factors. The investigated factors are on three levels: micro (individual characteristics), medium (transnational networks) and macro (a person's understanding of the economic, social and political conditions of the countries of origin and destination). The research method is quantitative and survey-based, and the data was collected through a questionnaire among 850 people aged 18 years and above, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The results showed that people's attitude towards Afghanistan's economic, social and political situation at the macro level and transnational migration networks at the intermediate level have a significant effect on the tendency to migrate. At the micro level and among the social characteristics, the variables of age, education and ethnicity have the most effect on the desire to migrate. From this article, it can be concluded that there is a negative attitude towards the current conditions and the future of Afghanistan, the migration culture, as well as the Afghan diaspora and transnational migration networks in the neighboring countries Iran's Mullahs have a great role in the formation of migration abroad among the mindset of Afghans.
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