Ejiro U Osiobe, Sajid Al Noor, Safia A. Malallah, Rauf I. Rauf, Khairul Hafezad Abdullah, Davi Sofyan, Waleed A. Hammood, Salah A. Aliesawi
The Ane Osiobe International Foundation (USA), Tennessee State University (USA), Kansas State University (USA), University of Abuja (Nigeria), Universiti Utara Malaysia (Malaysia), Universitas Majalengka (Indonesia), University of Anbar (Iraq)
Cultural dimensions play a crucial role in shaping governance structures and corruption dynamics across nations. This study investigates the relationship between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Masculinity, Power Distance, Individualism, and Uncertainty Avoidance) and two key explanatory variables: Region (Africa, America, Asia, and Europe) and Level of Corruption (High, Medium, and Low). The objective is to determine whether cultural dimensions significantly vary based on geographic location and corruption levels, offering insights into governance and institutional structures. A Two-Way ANOVA was conducted to assess the impact of region and corruption on cultural dimensions, followed by Tukey HSD post hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. The results indicate that Masculinity remains stable across all regions and corruption levels, supporting previous studies that view it as a deeply ingrained cultural trait. Power Distance exhibits strong regional and corruption-related differences, with high-corruption countries, particularly in America and Asia, showing significantly greater hierarchical acceptance, while African countries demonstrate unexpectedly low Power Distance despite high corruption. Individualism is significantly lower in highly corrupt countries, particularly in Asia and America, reinforcing the link between collectivist cultures and corruption resilience. Uncertainty Avoidance is more influenced by regional factors than corruption, with African nations displaying significantly lower Uncertainty Avoidance than American and European nations. However, the lack of significant differences in Uncertainty Avoidance across corruption levels challenges theories suggesting corruption leads to higher uncertainty aversion. The study recommends that anti-corruption policies should consider cultural variations, with governance reforms tailored to regional contexts to reduce Power Distance and enhance Individualism in highly corrupt societies.
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