Analysis of Immigration Travel Documents: Legal Framework and Practical Challenges

This paper explores the legal frameworks and practical challenges associated with immigration travel documents, including passports, visas, and emergency travel certificates. These documents play a critical role in facilitating international mobility while upholding national security and compliance with immigration laws. The study employs a normative-empirical approach to examine the issuance, use, and management of travel documents in the context of Indonesian immigration regulations and international standards such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and ICAO guidelines. Key findings reveal significant administrative barriers, legal inconsistencies, and human rights concerns, particularly for vulnerable groups like refugees and stateless individuals. The paper concludes with recommendations to enhance global collaboration, streamline administrative processes, and integrate advanced technologies for more effective travel document management.