top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences

ISSN 2622-7258

Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.24.09 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.24.02 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.23.57 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.23.52 AM.png
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 19 February 2019

Sonographic Correlation of Gestational Age with Umbilical Cord Diameter in Second and Third Trimester

Zeeshan Khalid, Usman Akbar, Raham Bacha, Zainab Asif, Saima, Mehreen Fatima, Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Sajid Shaheen Malik, Syed Amir Gilani

The University of Lahore

journal of social and political sciences
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1994.02.01.17

​

​

Abstract

Background: Commonly fetal parameter for gestational age (GA) assessment have pitfall mostly in progressive pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by fetal structure abnormality. Objective: Correlating of gestational age in the second and third trimesters with umbilical cord diameter. Methods: A cross-sectional sonographic study of 370 pregnant women with gestational age from 14 weeks to 40 weeks was done in Government Tehsil Headquarters Hospital Kahn a nau Lahore, Ferozpur Road, Lahore. The gestational age was first estimated using Naegele’s GA estimation formula based on the starting date of the last menstrual period of each subject. Fetal parameters like biparietal diameter, femur length, circumference of the head and abdominal circumference have been used to estimate gestational age. The umbilical cord diameter has been measured to find a correlation between gestation age and umbilical cord diameter. Results: The fetal parameters and umbilical cord diameter increase in the fetus as the gestational age increases. There seems to be a linear relationship and significant statistical correlation (p<0.05) in between umbilical cord diameter and the gestational age estimation. The umbilical cord diameter appeared to increase by the rate of 1mm/week between 14TH to 40TH weeks of the gestational period. Conclusions: The umbilical cord diameter has a strong linear relationship with commonly used parameters for the assessment of fetal gestational age and is able to use as a reliable method to evaluate fetal growth as well as prediction of gestational age.

References

  1. Abd AL-fadel, N. (2017). Sonographic Estimation of Gestional Age and Fetal Weight Using Umbilical Cord Diameter, Sudan University of Science and Technology.

  2. Cromi, A., F. Ghezzi, E. Di Naro, G. Siesto, V. Bergamini and L. Raio (2007). "Large cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord as a predictor of fetal macrosomia." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 30(6): 861-866.

  3. Deen, D. "Obstetrical Ultrasound." Module2. The Burwin institute of diagnostic medical ultrasound: 78-81.

  4. Eze, C., M. Ugwuja, K. Agwuna, G. Ugwu and I. Ituk-Ozalla (2014). "Relationship between sonographic umbilical cord size and gestational age among pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria." African health sciences 14(2): 334-338.

  5. Ghezzi, F., L. Raio, E. Di Naro, M. Franchi, H. Brühwiler, V. D'addario and H. Schneider (2001). "First‐trimester sonographic umbilical cord diameter and the growth of the human embryo." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 18(4): 348-351.

  6. Ghezzi, F., L. Raio, E. Di Naro, M. Franchi, M. Buttarelli and H. Schneider (2002). "First‐trimester umbilical cord diameter: a novel marker of fetal aneuploidy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 19(3): 235-239.

  7. Heifetz, S. A. (1996). "The umbilical cord: obstetrically important lesions." Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 39(3): 571-587.

  8. Hill, L. M., D. M. DiNofrio and D. Guzick (1994). "Sonographic determination of first trimester umbilical cord length." Journal of clinical ultrasound 22(7): 435-438.

  9. Lee, W., J. Kirk, C. Comstock and R. Romero (2000). "Vasa previa: prenatal detection by three‐dimensional ultrasonography." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16(4): 384-387.

  10. Leung, T., M. Pang, S. Daljit, T. Leung, C. Poon, S. Wong and T. Lau (2008). "Fetal biometry in ethnic Chinese: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 31(3): 321-327.

  11. Lobo, M. L., L. A. Favorito, M. Abidu-Figueiredo and F. J. Sampaio (2011). "Renal pelvic diameters in human fetuses: anatomical reference for diagnosis of fetal hydronephrosis." Urology 77(2): 452-457.

  12. Mital, M., P. Gupta and V. Nanda (2014). "FETAL GESTATIONAL AGE ESTIMATION BY FETAL FOOT LENGTH MEASUREMENT AND FETAL FEMUR TO FOOT LENGTH RATIO IN INDIAN POPULATION-A PROSPECTIVE STUDY." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3(10): 2620-2626.

  13. Olesen, A. W., J. G. Westergaard, S. G. Thomsen and J. Olsen (2004). "Correlation between self-reported gestational age and ultrasound measurements." Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 83(11): 1039-1043.

  14. Raio, L., F. Ghezzi, E. Di Naro, R. Gomez, M. Franchi, M. Mazor and H. Brühwiler (1999). "Sonographic measurement of the umbilical cord and fetal anthropometric parameters." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 83(2): 131-135.

  15. Rostamzadeh, S., M. Kalantari, M. Shahriari and M. Shakiba (2014). "Sonographic Measurement of the Umbilical Cord and its Vessels and their Relation with Fetal Anthropometric Parameters." Iranian Journal of Radiology 11(30th Iranian Congress of Radiology).

  16. Rostamzadeh, S., M. Kalantari, M. Shahriari and M. Shakiba (2015). "Sonographic measurement of the umbilical cord and its vessels and their relation with fetal anthropometric measurements." Iranian Journal of Radiology 12(3).

  17. Tahmasebi, M. and R. Alighanbari (2011). "Evaluation of umbilical cord thickness, cross-sectional area, and coiling index as predictors of pregnancy outcome." The Indian journal of radiology & imaging 21(3): 195.

  18. Tanner, J. (1998). The Cambridge encyclopedia of human growth and development, Cambridge University Press.

bottom of page