Journal of Health and Medical Sciences
ISSN 2622-7258
Published: 13 January 2024
Prevalence, Clinical Profile, and Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Patients at the Intensive Care Unit of King Fahad Hospital, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
Abdulmajid Almawazini, Sami Ahmed Taha, Abdurabu A Abdullah, Ahmed Fahmy Soliman, Mouid Mohammed, Abdulraheem A Alghamdi, Mohammed Othman Alghamdi
King Fahad Hospital Albaha, Saudi Arabia
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10.31014/aior.1994.07.01.301
Pages: 25-29
Keywords: Children, Diabetes Ketoacidosis, Type1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe acute complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leading to pediatric morbidity and complications. Objectives: Analyze the prevalence, clinical profiles, and outcomes of DKA in children. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study explored the diabetic ketoacidosis in type I diabetes mellitus at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at King Fahad Hospital at Albaha, Saudi Arabia, between January 2022 and December 2023. Participants included children aged < 14 years. Data were collected from medical records of all admitted patients. The main outcomes were the average time needed to recover from DKA, and patient survival rates. Results: Total of 180 DKA cases were reviewed, and observed that 68.3% were recurring cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus admitted to PICU due to poor treatment adherence. The remaining 31.7% were newly diagnosed as diabetes mellitus due to the onset of DKA. The average patient age was 8.9 ([4.0]) years, with females representing two-thirds of this cohort. The most frequent precipitating factors were non-adherence to treatment (90%) and previous infections (10%). Common symptoms included abdominal pain (78.3%), as the principal source of decompensation. Conclusion: Recognizing characteristic symptoms is vital for early diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of a timely and well-structured management approach for improved outcomes, reduced morbidity, improved recovery times, and shortened hospital stays. Moreover, no deaths were reported in this study.
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