Journal of Health and Medical Sciences
ISSN 2622-7258
Published: 08 October 2022
Modelling an Extraterrestrial Epidemic
Raywat Deonandan, Stefan Litvinjenko
University of Ottawa, Canada
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1994.05.04.241
Pages: 12-20
Keywords: Panspermia, Epidemiology, Disease Modelling, Space, Exobiology, Astrobiology
Abstract
Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by means of asteroid or cometary impact. Assuming that panspermia is true, and that genetically related microbial life exists outside of our planet, then it is possible that such life could pose an infectious threat to the terrestrial biosphere. We offer several assumptions of the characteristics that such life might possess and extrapolate the likely epidemiological compartment approach to be applied when attempting to model the impact of an Earthly epidemic originating from an extraterrestrial pathogen.
References
ARRHENIUS, S. 1908. Worlds in the making : the evolution of the universe / by Svante Arrhenius ; translated by H. Borns, London, Harper & Brothers.
ATKINSON, N. 2009. Amino acid found in Stardust comet sample. The Universe Today.
BILLINGS, L. 2014. Rosetta Pours Cold Water on Cometary Origins of Earth's Oceans. Scientific American.
CHANG, K. 2015. Rosetta's Philae Lander Discovers a Comet’s Organic Molecules.
DI GIULIO, M. 2010. Biological evidence against the panspermia theory. J Theor Biol, 266, 569-72.
DONN, B. 1982. Comets: chemistry and chemical evolution. J Mol Evol, 18, 157-60.
GRIFFIN, D. W. 2004. Terrestrial microorganisms at an altitude of 20,000m in Earth’s atmosphere. Aerobiologia, 20, 135-140.
GRIFFIN, D. W. 2008. None-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 200,000m in Earth’s atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture based assays. Aerobiologia, 24, 1573-3025.
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE FORUM ON EMERGING, I. 2002. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In: KNOBLER, S., LEDERBERG, J. & PRAY, L. A. (eds.) Considerations for Viral Disease Eradication: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies: Workshop Summary.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)
Copyright © 2002, National Academy of Sciences.
LAPEN, T. J., RIGHTER, M., BRANDON, A. D., DEBAILLE, V., BEARD, B. L., SHAFER, J. T. & PESLIER, A. H. 2010. A younger age for ALH84001 and its geochemical link to shergottite sources in Mars. Science,328, 347-51.
LI, J., BROWNING, S., MAHAL, S. P., OELSCHLEGEL, A. M. & WEISSMANN, C. 2010. Darwinian evolution of prions in cell culture. Science, 327, 869-72.
LOVGREN, S. 2003. Far-Out Theory Ties SARS Origins to Comet. National Geographic. National Geographic News.
MILLAR, S. 2000. Flu comes from outer space, claim scientists. The Guardian.
REBECCHI, L., ALTIERO, T., GUIDETTI, R., CESARI, M., BERTOLANI, R., NEGRONI, M. & RIZZO, A. M. 2009. Tardigrade Resistance to Space Effects: first results of experiments on the LIFE-TARSE mission on FOTON-M3 (September 2007). Astrobiology, 9, 581-91.
SAGAN, C. 1973. The Cosmic Connection: An Extraterrestrial Perspective, Anchor Press.
SHIVAJI, S., CHATURVEDI, P., BEGUM, Z., PINDI, P. K., MANORAMA, R., PADMANABAN, D. A., SHOUCHE, Y. S., PAWAR, S., VAISHAMPAYAN, P., DUTT, C. B., DATTA, G. N., MANCHANDA, R. K., RAO, U. R., BHARGAVA, P. M. & NARLIKAR, J. V. 2009. Janibacter hoylei sp. nov., Bacillus isronensis sp. nov. and Bacillus aryabhattai sp. nov., isolated from cryotubes used for collecting air from the upper atmosphere. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 59, 2977-86.
SMITH, D. J., GRIFFIN, D. W. & SCHUERGER, A. C. 2010. Stratospheric microbiology at 20 km over the Pacific Ocean. Aerobiologia,26, 35-46.
THOMAS-KEPRTA, K. L., CLEMETT, S. J., BAZYLINSKI, D. A., KIRSCHVINK, J. L., MCKAY, D. S., WENTWORTH, S. J., VALI, H., GIBSON, E. K., JR. & ROMANEK, C. S. 2002. Magnetofossils from ancient Mars: a robust biosignature in the martian meteorite ALH84001. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68, 3663-72.
WICKRAMASINGHE, C. 2011. Bacterial morphologies supporting cometary panspermia: a reappraisal. International Journal of Astrobiology,10, 25-30.
WICKRAMASINGHE, C., WALLIS, J., WALLIS, D. H. & SAMARANAYAKE, A. 2013. Fossil Diatoms in a New Carbonaceous Meteorite. Journal of Cosmology, 21, 9560–9571.
WICKRAMASINGHE, N. C. & TREVORS, J. T. 2013. Non-terrestrial origin of life: a transformative research paradigm shift. Theory Biosci, 132, 133-7.
WILLERSLEV, E., HANSEN, A. J., RØNN, R. & NIELSEN, O. J. 2003. Panspermia—true or false? The Lancet, 362, P406.
YANG, Y., ITAHASHI, S., YOKOBORI, S.-I. & YAMAGISHI, A. 2008. UV-resistant bacteria isolated from upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Biological Sciences in Space, 22, 18-25.
YANG, Y., YOKOBORI, S.-I. & YAMAGISHI, A. 2009. Assessing Panspermia Hypothesis by Microorganisms Collected from The High Altitude Atmosphere. Biological Sciences in Space, 23, 151-163.
YOUNG, M. 2014. Ebola... The deadly virus from outer space causing misery on Earth. The Daily Star.