Economics and Business
Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2775-9237 (Online)
Published: 01 December 2024
Investigating the Predictors of Entrepreneurial Intention of Undergraduate Students: Evidence from Multiple Countries
Ana Mariana, Bram Hadianto
Maranatha Christian University, Indonesia
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1992.07.04.630
Pages: 191-199
Keywords: Attitude, Entrepreneurship, Intention, Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective Norm
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and analyze the entrepreneurial intention determinants by utilizing the planned behavior theory from Ajzen (1991) based on the perspective of higher education students from four countries, i.e., Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Taiwan. The planned factors are entrepreneurial attitude (EA), subjective norms (SN), and perceived control behavior (PCB). Furthermore, this study adopts a quantitative design and utilizes the structural equation model and its related statistical features to examine the proposed three hypotheses. Because of the unknown population size, this study uses the snowball sampling method. This sampling method, supported by the survey technique, makes 175 responses collectible and applicable. After testing and analyzing their response, this study concludes a positive influence of EA, SN, and PCB on the intention to be a tycoon. Based on these realities, this study recommends that the students need an optimistic mindset to face and overcome the challenges in the marketplace, the people encouraging them by giving advice and financial support, and high self-trust to succeed when running the business.
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Alferaih, A. (2022). Starting a new business? Assessing university students’ intentions towards digital entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2, 100087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100087
Aliedan, M. M., Elshaer, I. A., & Alyahya, M. A. (2022). Influences of university education support on entrepreneurship orientation and intention: Application of the theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 14, 13097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013097
Astuti, R. D., & Martdianty, F. (2012). Students’ entrepreneurial intentions using planned behavior theory: The case in Indonesia. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 6(2), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v6i2.1317
Chams-Anturi, O., Escorcia-Caballero, J. P., & Soto-Ferrari, M. (2024). Evaluating entrepreneurial intentions of health science students in higher education. International Journal of Innovation Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-05-2024-0136
Cheng, M., Adekola, O., Albia, J., & Cai, S. (2022). Employability in higher education: A review of key stakeholders’ perspectives. Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 16(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/heed-03-2021-0025
Chin, J. W., Mustafa, M. J., & Nungsari, M. (2024). Subjective norms towards entrepreneurship and Malaysian students’ entrepreneurial intentions: Does gender matter? Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-09-2023-0180
Clinton, E., Ahmed, F. U., Lyons, R., & O’Gorman, C. (2024). The drivers of family business succession intentions of daughters and the moderating effects of national gender inequality. Journal of Business Research, 184, 114876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114876
Dahliah, D., & Tjan, Y. S. (2023). The effect of SMEs on overcoming poverty and unemployment: Empirical study of Makassar City, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 3(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v3i1.281
Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs. PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
Fatoki, O. (2024). The impact of values, identity, and personal norms on the green entrepreneurial intention of university students in South Africa. International Journal of Education and Practice, 12(3), 1080–1093. https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v12i3.3825
Gherghina, S. C., Botezatu, M. A., Hosszu, A., & Simionescu, L. N. (2020). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): The engine of economic growth through investments and innovation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12, 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010347
Ghozali, I. (2021a). Multivariate Analysis Application by IBM SPSS 26 (10th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Ghozali, I. (2021b). Structural Equation Modeling with Alternative Method of Partial Least Square (5th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hadianto, B., Herlina, H., Mariana, A., Tjahyadi, R. A., & Tjun, L. T. (2023). Financial literacy, self-control, self-esteem, and credit card utilization. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 11(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v11i3.3515
Hair Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning, EMEA.
Hartono, J. (2014). Business Research Methodology: Misunderstandings and Experiences(6th ed.). Badan Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Isma, A., Sudarmiatin, & Hermawan, A. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, subjective norm, and locus of control on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial attitude of the economics faculty students of Makassar Public University. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Law, 23(1), 262–272.
Jeet, V. (2023). Entrepreneurial intention of Saudi students: Role of Saudi Arabian universities in achieving the goal of Vision 2030. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(3), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.3(11)
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Lunnan, A., Nybakk, E., & Vennesland, B. (2006). Entrepreneurial attitudes and probability for start-ups — An investigation of Norwegian non-industrial private forest owners. Forest Policy and Economics, 8(7), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2005.06.016
Otchengco Jr., A. M., & Akiate, Y. W. D. (2021). Entrepreneurial intentions on perceived behavioral control and personal attitude: Moderated by structural support. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-08-2020-0124
Pandjaitan, D. R. H., MS, M., & Hadianto, B. (2021). Website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty of users based on the virtual distribution channel. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(7), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.19.7.202107.113
Pham, V. H., Nguyen, T. K. C., Nguyen, T. B. L., Tran, T. T. T., & Nguyen, T. V. N. (2023). Subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated-serial mediation model. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 19(1), 113–140. https://doi.org/10.7341/20231914
Pramudita, D. P. D. (2021). Entrepreneurship self-efficacy, attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and student entrepreneurship interest. Airlangga Journal of Innovation Management, 2(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.20473/ajim.v2i1.26541
Purmono, B. B. (2023). Entrepreneurial intention among Generation Z through education, self-efficacy, and attitude. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1228
Sahid, S., Norhisham, N. S., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2024). The interconnectedness between entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitude, and business creation: A serial mediation of entrepreneurial intention and environmental factor. Heliyon, 10, e30478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30478
Saoula, O., Shamim, A., Ahmad, M. J., & Abid, M. F. (2023). Do entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, and family support enhance entrepreneurial intention? The mediating role of entrepreneurial education. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-06-2022-0055
Setiawan, J. L., Kasim, A., & Ardyan, E. (2022). Understanding the consumers of entrepreneurial education: Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude orientation among youths. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14, 4790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084790
Setiawan, W. V., Fattah, A. M., & Puspitaningrum, A. (2019). The challenges of students in Indonesia after college graduates with career choice starting: Evidence from ten private universities in Jakarta. Journal The Winners, 20(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.21512/tw.v20i2.5674
Shah, B. A., Zala, L. B., & Desai, N. A. (2023). An integrated estimation approach to incorporate latent variables through SEM into discrete mode choice models to analyze the mode choice attitude of a rider. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 19, 100819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100819
Shahab, Y., Chengang, Y., Arbizu, A. D., & Haider, M. J. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: Do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 25(2), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2017-0522
Subroto, W. T. (2013). Entrepreneurship development course to foster character merchandise in support of economic growth. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3(6), 762–771. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5002/article/view/1048
Sukirno, S. (2019). Macroeconomics: The introduction (3rd ed.). Rajawali Pers.