Education Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2621-5799
Published: 11 June 2021
Democracy Scale For Teacher Candidates: A Validity And Reliability Study
Fatih Kaya
İnönü University
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1993.04.02.299
Pages: 539-546
Keywords: Democracy, Faculty of Education, Teacher candidate
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool in order to determine the democracy levels of teacher candidates. During the scale development process in the research, the validity and reliability studies were conducted through three independent study groups. The first study group consisted of 627 students studying at the Faculty of Education in Inonu University in the 2020-2021 academic year, the second study group consisted of 324 students, and the third study group consisted of 87 students. “The Democracy Scale for Teacher Candidates” was used in the research. In the process of data analysis, SPSS 25 software was used for exploratory factor analysis and AMOS 21 software for confirmatory factor analysis. An item pool consisting of 50 items was created for the scale. The number of items was reduced to 40 by obtaining expert opinion in order to ensure the content validity of the scale. As a result of the factor analysis, it was determined that the total variance ratio explained by the single-factor scale with 17 items was 49.640%, and the internal consistency coefficient was .88. In addition to these, the values obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis conducted to test the construct validity of the scale showed that the scale developed to determine the democracy levels of teacher candidates was valid and reliable.
References
Arblaster, A. (1999). Demokrasi (Trans. Nilüfer Yılmaz). Ankara: Doruk Yayıncılık.
Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı(12. edn). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., and Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Dewey, J. (1937) Democracy and educational administration. School and Society 45, 457-467.
Duman, T. and Koç, G. (2004). Eğitim Fakültesi öğrencilerinin öğretim elemanlarının demokratik tutum ve davranışlarına ilişkin görüşleri, XIII. National Congress on Educational Sciences, 6-9 of July 2004, Inonu University, Malatya.
Ektem S. I. and Sünbül A. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının demokratik tutumları üzerine bir araştırma. Selcuk University Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education Journal, 31(2), 159-168.
Elkatmış, M. and Toptaş, V. (2015). Exploration of prospective classroom teachers’ democratic attitudes. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Education Faculty, 12 (1), 128-144. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yyuefd/issue/25854/272575.
Erbil, D. G. and Kocabaş, A. (2017). A scale development study for 3rd grade elementary students: Democratic attitude scale. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(1), 221-232.
Ertürk, S. (1985). Diktacı tutum ve demokrasi, 4. edn, Yelkentepe Yayınları: 8, Ankara: Sistem Ofset Matbaası.
Genç, S. Z. and Kalafat, T. (2008). The evaluation of teacher candidates’ democratic attitudes and emphatic skills. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 19, 211-222.
Gömleksiz, M. N. and Çetintaş, S. (2011). Democratic attitudes of prospective teachers (Case of Fırat, Dicle, 7 Aralık, Cumhuriyet and Erzincan Universities). Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Faculty of Education, (17), 1-14.
Gözütok, F. D. (1995). Öğretmenlerin demokratik tutumları. Ankara: Türk Demokrasi Vakfı Yayınları
Gül, İ. and Saraç, G. (2018). Democratic attitudes of school directors. International Journal of Social and Educational Sciences, 5 (10), 155-172. DOI: 10.20860/ijoses.435764.
Heywood, A. (1992). Political ideologies (Trans. Bican Şahin). Macmillan Yayınevi.
Keçe, M. and Dinç, E. (2015). Developing a democratic participation scale: Assesing validity and reliability. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty, 35(1), 177-207.
Kesici, Ş. (2006). The validity and reliability study of the Turkish Version of The Non-Democratic Teacher Belief Scale. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 24, 143-152.
Kıncal, R. Y. and Işık, H. (2003). Demokratik eğitim ve demokratik değerler. Journal of Eğitim Araştırmaları, 3 (11), 54-58.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Koçoğlu, E. (2013). Social studies teachers’ opinions on school principals' democratic attitudes and behaviors. Turkish Studies- International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8(6), 413-430.
Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows(4th edn.). Berkshire: Open University Press.
Sartori, G. (1996). Demokrasi teorisine geri dönüş (Trans. Tunçer Karamustafaoğlu and Mehmet Turhan). Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.
Schumacker, R. E. and Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3rd edn.). New York: Routledge.
Shechtman, Z. (2002). Validation of the democratic teacher belief scale (DTBS). Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 9(3), 363-377.
Sincar, M., Şahin, İ. and Beycioğlu, K. (2019). A validity and reliability study for the democratic attitude scale. Gaziantep University Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(2), 91-100.
Şimşek, N. (2011). Assesing the democratic attitudes of primary school students according to various factor in the social studies lesson. Journal of Milli Eğitim, 41(190), 188-202.
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayıncılık.
Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th edn.), Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.
TDK. (2011). Türkçe sözlük, (prepared by: Şükrü Akalın). Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara.
Touraine, A. (2004). Demokrasi nedir? İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
Tutkun, T. and Genç, S. Z. (2013). Democratic understanding and attitudes of candidate teachers: A study of scale development. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 6 (7), 1127-1138.
Ural, S. N. and Sağlam, H. İ. (2011). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin demokratik tutum düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Journal of Değerler Eğitimi, 9(22), 161-180.
Yazıcı, K. (2003). Effects of using discussion method on democratic attitudes of students in social studies course in elementary school 6th grade (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara.
Yeşil, R. (2001). The effects of schools and families on the primary school students in the process of gaining democratic behaviours (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, Erzurum.
Yeşil, R. (2010). Demokratik öğretmen davranış kararlılığı ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(4), 2665-2692.
Zencirci, İ. (2003). An assessment of administration's democratic level at elementary school in relation to participation, freedom, and autonomy dimensions (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
Zencirci, İ. (2010). Administrations’ democratic level in elementary schools: Participation, freedom and autonomy. Balıkesir University the Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 3(24), 86-114.