Journal of Health and Medical Sciences
ISSN 2622-7258
Published: 30 December 2019
Determination of Sonographic Concerning Signs Leading to Abortion
Shazma Naseer, Saddiqa Hassan, Mishal Javaid, Muhammad Zubair, Noraiz Ali, Ahmad Ullah Bashir, Hira Riffat, S. Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Raham Bacha, Iqra Manzoor
University of Lahore (Pakistan), Niazi Medical and Dental College (Pakistan)
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1994.02.04.88
Pages: 575-580
Keywords: Spontaneous Abortion, Gravidity, Ultrasonography, Missed Abortion
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is considered as an important period in the women’s life. Not only environmental health condition influences the life quality of the mothers, but may also effects the fetus and cause hereditary disease. Millions of women do not have access to proper health services in future worldwide. The mains purpose of the rural pregnant women protection program is maintaining health and furnishing during the course of pregnancy by protecting the mother and fetus. The aim of the study here is to determine the sonographic signs leading to abortion. Objective: Determination of sonographic concerning signs leading to abortion. Methodology: HONDA HS2600 and HONDA GE p7 of 2.8-3.5 MHz Convex probe is used. AIUM procedures for obs and gyne are followed for the scanning procedures. The study was conducted at Indus Hospital, Manawan. Data of 60 patients was collected through convenient sampling. Statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 22.0) is used for the analysis of data. Results: Out of 54 patients, 38 patients had vaginal bleeding and 16 patients came out without vaginal bleeding. In table 3, sonographic findings of the patients were illustrated. As the data was collected of 54 patients, among these, 11 patients (20.4%) had blighted ovum, 1 patient (1.9%) had CRL with negative FCA, 5 patients (9.3%) had haematoma, 3 patients (5.6) had fetal hydrops, 1 patient (1.9) had irregular low lying placenta, 19 patients (35.2%) had missed abortion. 6 patients (11.1%) had open internal os, 1 patient (1.9%) had previa type 3, 1 (1.9%) had previa type 1. 2 patients (3.7%) had recurrent abortion. 1 patient (1.9%) had scalping of bones and 3(5.6%) had scanty liquor. Conclusion: There are multiple sonographic concerning signs but missed abortion and blighted ovum were the most common amongst them.
References
- AL-ANSARY, L. A. & BABAY, Z. A. 1994. Risk factors for spontaneous abortion: a preliminary study on Saudi women. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 114, 188-193.
- ANDERSEN, A.-M. N., WOHLFAHRT, J., CHRISTENS, P., OLSEN, J. & MELBYE, M. 2000. Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study. Bmj, 320, 1708-1712.
- ARCK, P. C. 2001. Stress and pregnancy loss: role of immune mediators, hormones and neurotransmitters. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 46,117-123.
- AXMON, A. & HAGMAR, L. 2005. Time to pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Fertility and sterility, 84, 966-974.
- DEMPSEY, D. A. & BENOWITZ, N. L. 2001. Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy. Drug safety,24, 277-322.
- GARCıA-ENGUıDANOS, A., CALLE, M., VALERO, J., LUNA, S. & DOMıNGUEZ-ROJAS, V. 2002a. Risk factors in miscarriage: a review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 102, 111-119.
- GARCıA-ENGUıDANOS, A., CALLE, M., VALERO, J., LUNA, S. & DOMıNGUEZ-ROJAS, V. 2002b. Risk factors in miscarriage: a review. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 102, 111-119.
- GUPTA, S., AGARWAL, A., BANERJEE, J. & ALVAREZ, J. G. 2007. The role of oxidative stress in spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review. Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 62, 335-347.
- HURT, K. J., GUILE, M. W., BIENSTOCK, J. L., FOX, H. E. & WALLACH, E. E. 2012. The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- KESMODEL, U., WISBORG, K., OLSEN, S. F., BRINK HENRIKSEN, T. & JØRGEN SECHER, N. 2002. Moderate alcohol intake in pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 37, 87-92.
- OSBORN, J. F., CATTARUZZA, M. S. & SPINELLI, A. 2000. Risk of spontaneous abortion in Italy, 1978–1995, and the effect of maternal age, gravidity, marital status, and education. American journal of epidemiology, 151, 98-105.
- REGAN, L. & RAI, R. 2000. Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 14,839-854.
- SONG, L., SHEN, L., MANDIWA, C., YANG, S., LIANG, Y., YUAN, J. & WANG, Y. 2017. Induced and spontaneous abortion and risk of uterine fibroids. Journal of Women's Health, 26, 76-82.
- WANG, X., CHEN, C., WANG, L., CHEN, D., GUANG, W., FRENCH, J. & GROUP, R. H. S. 2003. Conception, early pregnancy loss, and time to clinical pregnancy: a population-based prospective study. Fertility and sterility, 79, 577-584.
- WIER, M., ANDERSEN, J. M., JENSEN, J. D. & JENSEN, T. C. 2002. The EU's Agenda 2000 reform for the agricultural sector: environmental and economic effects in Denmark. Ecological Economics, 41, 345-359.
- WISBORG, K., KESMODEL, U., HENRIKSEN, T. B., HEDEGAARD, M. & SECHER, N. J. 2003. A prospective study of maternal smoking and spontaneous abortion. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 82, 936-941.
- WYATT, P. R., OWOLABI, T., MEIER, C. & HUANG, T. 2005. Age-specific risk of fetal loss observed in a second trimester serum screening population. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 192, 240-246.
- ZINAMAN, M. J., CLEGG, E. D., BROWN, C. C., O’CONNOR, J. & SELEVAN, S. G. 1996. Estimates of human fertility and pregnancy loss. Fertility and sterility, 65,503-509.