top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences

ISSN 2622-7258

Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.24.09 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.24.02 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.23.57 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.23.52 AM.png
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 17 February 2024

Current Practice of Internal and External Dental Whitening: Epidemiological Study Among Dentists in Morocco (Part I: Internal whitening)

Karami Malika, Benichou Amine, Boujdila Othmane, Al jalil Zineb, Drouri Sofia

University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco

journal of social and political sciences
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1994.07.01.304

Pages: 41-48

Keywords: Bleaching, Discoloration, Tooth Whitening, Hydrogen Peroxide, Carbamide Hydroxide, Internal Bleaching, External Bleaching, Walking Bleach Technique

Abstract

Aim: To find out which whitening techniques and products are currently used by dentists in two cities, Marrakech and Khouribga-Morocco. Methods: Study type: Descriptive cross-sectional survey; Study population: 347 dentists practicing in the private sector, including 276 dentists in Marrakech and 71 in Khouribga; Study design: a questionnaire was drawn up to collect the data required for the study; Statistical analysis: data were analyzed using SPSS software at the FMDC Community Health Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Results: 205 responses out of 347 questionnaires distributed; External whitening was most widely used in Khouribga, and internal whitening most widely used in Marrakech; 35.7% of dentists used hydrogen peroxide at 35% as an internal whitening product; 35.9% of dentists used carbamide peroxide at 15% as an ambulatory whitening product; 67% of dentists made casts with reservoirs; 66% of dentists used 35% hydrogen peroxide for chairside whitening; 81.2% of practitioners used the lamp as a means of activation, while 37% used the whitening product for 30 minutes with the lamp. Conclusion: Dentists in Khouribga and Marrakech frequently employ the oldest high concentration whitening procedures. It is imperative that dentists in these two cities receive ongoing training. It must be regular, demanding and of high quality, as the therapeutics of each dyschromia and the specificities of internal and external bleaching protocols call for up-to-date knowledge.

References

  1. Clement, M., Marcoux, C. (2018) dental dyschromia: a precise diagnosis for successful aesthetic treatment. CdP edition.

  2. Poyser, N. J., Kelleher, M. G., & Briggs, P. F. (2004). Managing discoloured non-vital teeth: the inside/outside bleaching technique. Dental update, 31(4), 204–214. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2004.31.4.204

  3. Greenwall-Cohen, J., & Greenwall, L. H. (2019). The single discoloured tooth: vital and non-vital bleaching techniques. British dental journal, 226(11), 839–849. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0373-9

  4. Timmerman, A., & Parashos, P. (2018). Bleaching of a Discolored Tooth with Retrieval of Remnants after Successful Regenerative Endodontics. Journal of endodontics, 44(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.032

  5. Fagogeni I, Falgowski T, Metlerska J, Lipski M, Górski M, Nowicka A. Efficiency of Teeth Bleaching after Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. Janv 2021;10(2):316.

  6. Fagogeni, I., Falgowski, T., Metlerska, J., Lipski, M., Górski, M., & Nowicka, A. (2021). Efficiency of Teeth Bleaching after Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(2), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020316

  7. Wood K, Lyne A, O’Donnell K, Brown CJ, Parekh S, Monteiro J. (2022). Patient-reported outcome measures for children and adolescents having dental bleaching in the UK. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 23(4):579‑86.

  8. Wood, K., Lyne, A., O'Donnell, K., Brown, C. J., Parekh, S., & Monteiro, J. (2022). Patient-reported outcome measures for children and adolescents having dental bleaching in the UK. European archives of paediatric dentistry: official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 23(4), 579–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-022-00721-x

  9. Zimmerli, B., Jeger, F., & Lussi, A. (2010). Bleaching of nonvital teeth. A clinically relevant literature review. Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin = Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie. 120(4), 306–320.

  10. Aboudharam G, Fouque F, Pignoly C, Claisse A, Plazy A. (2008). Dental whitening. EMC-Médecine Buccale. 3(1) :1‑15.

  11. Irusa K, Alrahaem IA, Ngoc CN, Donovan T. (2022). Tooth whitening procedures: A narrative review. Dentistry Review. 2(3):100055.

  12. Guerreiro, R., Carpinteiro, I., Proença, L., Polido, M., & Azul, A. (2021). Influence of acid etching on internal bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide. Annals of Medicine, 53(Suppl 1), S65. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1897351

  13. Demarco, F. F., Conde, M. C., Ely, C., Torre, E. N., Costa, J. R., Fernández, M. R., & Tarquinio, S. B. (2013). Preferences on vital and nonvital tooth bleaching: a survey among dentists from a city of southern Brazil. Brazilian dental journal, 24(5), 527–531. https ://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302152

  14. Plotino, G., Buono, L., Grande, N. M., Pameijer, C. H., & Somma, F. (2008). Nonvital tooth bleaching: a review of the literature and clinical procedures. Journal of endodontics, 34(4), 394–407. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.12.020

  15. Kwon, S. R., & Wertz, P. W. (2015). Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry: official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry … [et al.], 27(5), 240–257. https ://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12152

  16. Pontes, M., Gomes, J., Lemos, C., Leão, R. S., Moraes, S., Vasconcelos, B., & Pellizzer, E. P. (2020). Effect of Bleaching Gel Concentration on Tooth Color and Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Operative dentistry, 45(3), 265–275. https ://doi.org/10.2341/17-376-L

  17. Traviglia, A., Re, D., De Micheli, L., Bianchi, A. E., & Coraini, C. (2019). Speed bleaching: the importance of temporary filling with hermetic sealing. The international journal of esthetic dentistry, 14(3), 310–323.

  18. Pallarés-Serrano A, Pallarés-Serrano A, Pallarés-Serrano S, Pallarés-Sabater A. (2022). Study of the Intra-Coronal Pressure Generated by Internal Bleaching Agents and Its Influence on Temporary Restoration. Applied Sciences. 12(6):2799.

  19. Lim, M. Y., Lum, S. O., Poh, R. S., Lee, G. P., & Lim, K. C. (2004). An in vitro comparison of the bleaching efficacy of 35% carbamide peroxide with established intracoronal bleaching agents. International endodontic journal, 37(7), 483–488. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00829.x

  20. Torres, C. R., Crastechini, E., Feitosa, F. A., Pucci, C. R., & Borges, A. B. (2014). Influence of pH on the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide whitening. Operative dentistry, 39(6), E261–E268. https://doi.org/10.2341/13-214-L

  21. Sharma, H., & Sharma, D. S. (2017). Detection of Hydroxyl and Perhydroxyl Radical Generation from Bleaching Agents with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 41(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.2.126

  22. Lilaj, B., Dauti, R., Agis, H., Schmid-Schwap, M., Franz, A., Kanz, F., Moritz, A., Schedle, A., & Cvikl, B. (2019). Comparison of Bleaching Products With Up to 6% and With More Than 6% Hydrogen Peroxide: Whitening Efficacy Using BI and WI D and Side Effects - An in vitro Study. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 919. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00919

bottom of page