Journal of Health and Medical Sciences
ISSN 2622-7258
Published: 05 July 2022
Assessment of Reproductive Health Status and Quality of Life of Female Adolescents Living in the Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh During COVID-19 Pandemic Situation: A Mixed-Method Study
Hridi, Fariha Haseen, Tamanna Sharmin, Syfunnahar Bristy, Nurjahan Akter, Umme Haney, Barna Biswas, Mahmuda Ali, Zobaidur Rahman, Syed Shariful Islam
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (Bangladesh), Center for Qualitative Research (Bangladesh), Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka (Bangladesh), Dhaka North City Corporation (Bangladesh)
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1994.05.03.224
Pages: 1-14
Keywords: COVID-19, adolescents, slum, reproductive health, vulnerable, Bangladesh
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges of vulnerable adolescents who had reproductive health problems even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: We investigated this vulnerability through cross-sectional studies with a mixed-method approach. on female adolescents aged 15-19 years, residing in the Bauniabadh and the Ta block Jhil Par slums together with service providers. The quantitative method included a household survey of adolescents (n=144) through a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. The qualitative method included interviews with service providers (n=10) and with adolescents (n=9). Result: The study revealed changes in length, duration and flow of menstruation, substandard menstrual hygiene practices and impediments to the uptake of reproductive health (RH) information by adolescents during the pandemic. Married pregnant adolescents are inclined in taking their antenatal checkups (ANC) only during the last trimester and preferred delivery at home during the pandemic. There was also an increase in marriage among these adolescents and service providers had difficulty providing door-to-door RH services. Most of our female adolescents were married off during the pandemic, they lost connection with their friends and this made them feel lonely and secluded. They did not receive the support of their friends as before the pandemic. Conclusion: The study will enable the adolescent health expert to focus on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of vulnerable adolescents living in impoverished conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
Adolescent wellbeing and mental health. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2022, from https://www.unicef.org/laos/media/4816/file/IMPACT%20OF%20COVID-19%20ON%20ADOLESCENT%20WELLBEING%20AND%20MENTAL%20HEALTH.pdf.
Ahmed, R., Yesmin, K., & Bangladesh, W. (2008). Menstrual hygiene: Breaking the silence. Retrieved March 13, 2022, from https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Ahmed-2008-Menstrual.pdf
Ainul, S., Hossain, M., Hossain, M., Bhuiyan, M., Hossain, S., Rob, U., & Bajracharya, A. (2020). Trends in maternal health services in Bangladesh before, during and after COVID-19 lockdowns: Evidence from national routine service data. Reproductive Health. https://doi.org/10.31899/rh14.1037
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Covid-19 update Flash. (2021) IEDCR. Retrieved August 13, 2021, from https://iedcr.gov.bd/covid-19/covid-19-update-flash
Deutscher. (2020). Mental Health and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic (27.11.2020). Rzteblatt. https://doi.org/10.3238%2Farztebl.2020.0828
Elledge, M., Muralidharan, A., Parker, A., Ravndal, K., Siddiqui, M., Toolaram, A., & Woodward, K. (2018). Menstrual Hygiene Management and Waste Disposal in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112562
Gultie, T., Hailu, D., & Workineh, Y. (2014). Age of Menarche and Knowledge about Menstrual Hygiene Management among Adolescent School Girls in Amhara Province, Ethiopia: Implication to Health Care Workers & School Teachers. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e108644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108644
Li, G., Tang, D., Song, B., Wang, C., Qunshan, S., Xu, C., Geng, H., Wu, H., He, X., & Cao, Y. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Partner Relationships and Sexual and Reproductive Health: Cross-Sectional, Online Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e20961. https://doi.org/10.2196/20961
Lindberg, L. D., Bell, D. L., & Kantor, L. M. (2020). The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12151Kamruzzaman, M., & Sakib, N. (2020). Bangladesh imposes total lockdown over COVID-19. Www.aa.com.tr. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-imposes-total-lockdown-over-covid-19/1778272
Long, E., Patterson, S., Maxwell, K., Blake, C., Pérez, R. B., Lewis, R., McCann, M., Riddell, J., Skivington, K., Wilson-Lowe, R., & Mitchell, K. R. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. J Epidemiol Community Health, 76(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-216690
Mambo, S. B., Sikakulya, F. K., Ssebuufu, R., Mulumba, Y., Wasswa, H., Thompson, K., Rusatira, J. C., Bhondoekhan, F., Kamyuka, L. K., Akib, S. O., Kirimuhuzya, C., Nakawesi, J., & Kyamanywa, P. (2020). Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Challenges among Ugandan Youth during COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown: An online Cross-Sectional Study. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-48529/v1
Nasreen, H. E., Alam, M. A., & Edhborg, M. (2016). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Disadvantaged Adolescents: Results from a Population-Based Study in Bangladesh. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 29(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12150
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), & ICF. (2020). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018.
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), & Data for Impact. (2021). Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey 2019-20: Final Report.
Periods in a Pandemic. (2020). Plan International. https://plan-international.org/publications/periods-in-a-pandemic
Riley, Sully, Ahmed, & Biddlecom. (2020). Estimates of the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual and Reproductive Health In Low- and Middle-Income Countries. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 46, 73. https://doi.org/10.1363/46e9020
van Eijk, A. M., Sivakami, M., Thakkar, M. B., Bauman, A., Laserson, K. F., Coates, S., & Phillips-Howard, P. A. (2016). Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 6(3), e010290. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010290
World Health Organization (2012). WHOQOL - measuring the quality of life| the world health organization. [online] www.who.int. Available at: https://www.who.int/tools/whoqol
World Health Organization. (2021). Violence Against Women. Who. int; World Health Organization: WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women