Education Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2621-5799
Published: 09 December 2018
Educational Equality among Social Classes: A Prerequisite for Social Reconstruction in Nigeria Multi-Ethnic Society
Donald Bette Enu (Ph.D.), Gimba Joseph (Ph.D.)
University of Calabar, Taraba State College of Agriculture
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1993.01.01.24
Abstract
Education is and will continue to be a major determinant of social mobility in Nigeria with a deep attachment to paper qualifications. It determines social class and breaks barriers of all kind of divides in the society. Education largely and increasingly determines an individual's job choice and income. It has more impact than any other factor, possibly excepting wealth, on whether one participates in politics, what one believes politically, and how much political influence one has. Social change and for multi-ethnic society to strive for meaningful and sustained development of the society, educational administrators, planners and all necessary institutions saddle with responsibilities of designing the curriculum in Nigeria are to brace themselves for a huge task of social reconstruction that will harmonized the ethnic divides and alley fears of inequality as a source of disharmony in the society. Education is the arena in which countries has sought to overcome racial domination and class hierarchy, reduce poverty, to turn immigrants into citizens, to turn children into responsible and active citizens, to create and maintain democracy, also demonstrates ways in which class biases are closely entwined with racial and ethnic challenges that reduce progress and development in Nigeria among ethnic groups as a matter of fact, is the best solutions to all challenges in our society.
References
-
Aluko, O. O. (2002). African Cultural Systems. In Shoremi, M. O. & Oyekunle, A. A. (eds.) The Social Structure of Contemporary African Societies. Ibadan: Kraft Books Limited.
-
Alliyu, N. and Lawal, G. (2002). African Political Structure. In Shoremi, M. O. & Oyekunle, A. A. (eds.) The Social Structure of Contemporary African Societies. Ibadan: Kraft Books Limited.
-
Baker, J., Lynch, K., Cantill;on, S. and Walsh, J. (2004). Equality: From Theory to Action. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
-
Dirks, N. (2004). Colonial and Postcolonial Histories: Comparative Reflections on the Legacies of Empire. In Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World, Global Background Paper for United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report. From URL: http://hdr.undp.org/publications/papers.cfm
-
Fanon, F. (2001). The Wretched of the Earth, Pref. by Jean-Paul Sartre. Trans. Constance Farrington. London: Penguin Book, 2001
-
Fraad, H., Resnick, S. & Wolff, R. D. (1994). Bringing it All Back Home: Class, Gender and Power in the Modern Household. London: Pluto Press.
-
Farrel, J. (2003). Changing Conceptions of Equality of Education: foruty years of comparative evidence in R. Arnove & C. Torres (Eds) Comparative Education: the dialectic of the global and local, 3nd edn, pp. 146-175. Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield
-
Federal Ministry of Education (2013). The State of Education Report – strong foundations: Our equality imperative. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Education.
-
FME (2011) The State of Education of Report: Beyond Access. Federal Inspectorate Service.
-
Gustein, E., Middleton, J. A., Fey, J. T., Larson, M., Heid, M. K., Dougherty, B. Tunis, H. (2005). Equity in school mathematics education: How can research contribute? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 36 (2), 92-100.
-
Hanafin, J. and Lynch, A. (2002). "Peripheral Voices: parental involvement, social class, and educational disadvantage." British Journal of Sociology of Education 23 (1) pp: 35-49.
-
Nigeria: The EFA 2015 Policy Somersault. (Journal of Pengajian Media Malaysia).
-
Nussbaum, M. (2000) Women, and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).
-
Mamdani, M. (1976). Politics and class formation in Uganda. London: Heineman Milanovic, B. 2013. Global income inequality in numbers: in history and now. Global Policy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.198–208
-
Martinez, F. R. (2002). Nueva visitaalpais de la desiguaaldad: la distribucion de las escolaridaden Mexico, 1970-2000, Revista Mexicana de investigacionEducativa, 7 (6), pp. 415-443.
-
Peleg Ilan (2007) Classifying Multinaitonal States n Democratizing the Hegemonic State Cambridge University Press.
-
Robeyns, I. (2006) Three Models of Education; Rights, Capabilities and Human Capital, Theory and Research in Education, 4.1, pp. 69–84.
-
Sen, A. (1992) Inequality Reexamined (Oxford, Clarendon Press).
-
UNDP. (2002). Human Development Report 2012: The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. New York.
-
http://crookedtimber.org/2009/03/31/educational-equity-and-educational-equality/ retrieved on the 20th/10/2016
-
http://udel.edu/~cmarks/What%20is%20social%20class.htm retrieved on the 12/11/16
-
http://media.tcc.fl.edu.webcourses/ctll/Developing_Your_Teachning_Philosophy/Developing_Your_Teaching_Philosohy11.html# retrieved on 18/11/16